Effects of low-fat whole milk on postprandial glycemia after consumption of two common Ghanaian local meals among healthy young adults

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Garden City University College, Kenyase, Ghana

2 Faculty of Health Sciences, Garden City University College, Kenyase, Ghana School of Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana

Abstract

Background: The addition of dairy products to a meal high in carbohydrates or fat may potentially result in reductions in acute postprandial glycemic responses. There is limited data on the postprandial effects of local Ghanaian meals and this potential role of milk in attenuating acute postprandial glycemia changes have not been previously tested among Ghanaians.
Objectives: The overall objective of the study is to determine the effects of low-fat whole milk on postprandial glycemia after consumption of two common Ghanaian local meals among healthy young adults.
Methods: The study included 10 healthy, non-obese young adults. Two common local Ghanaian meals (Waakye and Ga Kenkey) were consumed on separate days with water and low-fat whole milk. Glycemic responses were assessed at fasting and 30-minutes postprandial point intervals for 3 hours. Postprandial glycemia, was assessed by the incremental Area Under the Curve (iAUC). Percentage postprandial glycemia peak was assessed as the percentage glycemia difference between peak glycemia point and baseline. Percentage postprandial glycemia retention. Student t-test was used to compare differences in postprandial responses with and without milk.
Results: On consumption of Waakye, there were statistically non-significant decreases in mean postprandial iAUC, and percentage postprandial glycemia retention with low-fat whole milk. However, a relatively lower but statistically non-significant percentage postprandial glycemia peak was observed with the low-fat whole milk. With Kenkey, the results showed a relatively lower postprandial iAUC, percentage postprandial glycemia peak and percentage postprandial glycemia retention on consumption with the low-fat whole milk. However, these differences were not observed to be statistically significant.
Conclusion: There are variations in the effects of low-fat whole milk on postprandial glycemia response between different meal types. No statistically significant differences were observed in the effects of low-fat whole milk in limiting postprandial glycemia response in both test meals. The findings point to further research on the subject in different targeted populations, including type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) clients.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Gouda HN, Charlson F, Sorsdahl K, Ahmadzada S, Ferrari AJ, Erskine H, et al. Burden of non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, 1990–2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet Glob Health. 2019;7(10):e1375-87. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30374-2 PMid:31537368
  2. Nyirenda MJ. Non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: understanding the drivers of the epidemic to inform intervention strategies. Int Health. 2016; 8(3):157-158. doi:10.1093/inthealth/ihw021 PMid:27178673
  3. World Health Organization. Report on the status of major health risk factors for noncommunicable diseases, WHO African Region, 2015.
  4. Collaborators GBDRF. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet. 2016; 388(10053):1659-1724. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31679-8 PMid:27733284
  5. Liu S, Choi HK, Ford E, Song Y, Klevak A, Buring JE, et al. A prospective study of dairy intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Diabet Care. 2006;29:1579-1584. doi:10.2337/dc06-0256 PMid:16801582
  6. van Dam RM, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB. Dietary patterns and risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in U.S. men. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:201-209. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-136-3-200202050-00008 PMid:11827496
  7. Panahi S, El Khoury D, Kubant R, Akhavan T, Luhovyy BL, Goff HD, et al. Mechanism of action of whole milk and its components on glycemic control in healthy young men. J Nutr Biochem. 2014; 25:1124-1131. doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.07.002 PMid:25167977
  8. Panahi S, Luhovyy BL, Liu TT, Akhavan T, El Khoury D, Goff HD, et al. Energy and macronutrient content of familiar beverages interact with pre-meal intervals to determine later food intake, appetite and glycemic response in young adults. Appetite. 2013;60:154-161. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2012.09.018 PMid:23022554
  9. Panahi S, El Khoury D, Luhovyy BL, Goff HD, Anderson GH. Caloric beverages consumed freely at meal-time add calories to an ad libitum meal. Appetite. 2013;65:75-82. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2013.01.023 PMid:23402713
  10. Schmid A, Petry N, Walther B, Butikofer U, Luginbuhl W, Gille D, et al. Inflammatory and metabolic responses to high-fat meals with and without dairy products in men. Brit J Nutr. 2015;113: 1853-1861. doi:10.1017/S0007114515000677 PMid:25990454 PMCid:PMC4498462
  11. van Meijl LE, Mensink RP. Effects of milk and milk constituents on postprandial lipid and glucose metabolism in overweight and obese men. Brit J Nutr. 2013;110:413-419. doi:10.1017/S0007114512005314 PMid:23286782
  12. von Post-Skagegard M, Vessby B, Karlstrom B. Glucose and insulin responses in healthy women after intake of composite meals containing cod-, milk-, and soy protein. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006;60:949-954. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602404 PMid:16482075
  13. Panahi S, Luhovyy BL, Liu TT, Akhavan T, El Khoury D, Goff HD, et al. Energy and macronutrient content of familiar beverages interact with pre-meal intervals to determine later food intake, appetite and glycemic response in young adults. Appetite. 2013;60:154-161. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2012.09.018 PMid:23022554
  14. Panahi S, El Khoury D, Luhovyy BL, Goff HD, Anderson GH. Caloric beverages consumed freely at meal-time add calories to an ad libitum meal. Appetite. 2013;65:75-82. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2013.01.023 PMid:23402713
  15. Petersen BL, Ward LS, Bastian ED, Jenkins AL, Campbell J, Vuksan VA. Whey protein supplement decreases post-prandial glycemia. Nutr J. 2009;8:47. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-8-47 PMid:19835582 PMCid:PMC2766379
  16. Akhavan T, Luhovyy BL, Brown PH, Cho CE, Anderson GH. Effect of premeal consumption of whey protein and its hydrolysate on food intake and postmeal glycemia and insulin responses in young adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91:966-975.
    doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28406 PMid:20164320
  17. Manders RJ, Hansen D, Zorenc AH, Dendale P, Kloek J, Saris WH, et al. Protein co-ingestion strongly increases postprandial insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes patients. J Med Food. 2014; 17:758-763. doi:10.1089/jmf.2012.0294 PMid:24611935
  18. Jakubowicz D, Froy O, Ahren B, Boaz M, Landau Z, Bar-Dayan Y, et al. Incretin, insulinotropic and glucose-lowering effects of whey protein pre-load in type 2 diabetes: A randomised clinical trial. Diabetologia. 2014;57:1807-1811. doi:10.1007/s00125-014-3305-x PMid:25005331
  19. Gribble FM, Manley SE, Levy JC. Randomized dose ranging study of the reduction of fasting and postprandial glucose in type 2 diabetes by nateglinide (A-4166). Diabet Care. 2001;24: 1221-1225. doi:10.2337/diacare.24.7.1221 PMid:11423506
  20. Ostman EM, Liljeberg Elmstahl HG, Bjorck IM. Inconsistency between glycemic and insulinemic responses to regular and fermented milk products. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;74:96-100.
    doi:10.1093/ajcn/74.1.96 PMid:11451723
  21. El Khoury D, Brown P, Smith G, Berengut S, Panahi S, Kubant R, et al. Increasing the protein to carbohydrate ratio in yogurts consumed as a snack reduces post-consumption glycemia independent of insulin. Clin Nutr. 2014;33:29-38. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2013.03.010 PMid:23591152
Journal of Preventive and Complementary Medicine
Volume 2, Issue 3
August 2023
Pages 149-154

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 11 August 2023
  • Revise Date: 28 August 2023
  • Accept Date: 30 August 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics